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English ADHD
ADHD is the most common neurobehavioural disorder in children,1 and represents a major public health problem.2 Its prevalence is generally thought to be between 3% and 7% in school-age children,3 and a meta-regression analysis of key studies with similar methodologies estimated a mean worldwide prevalence of 4.5% Read More...
English Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which will affect most of us at one point in time, and it’s prevalence increases with age. In the early stages in particular, dementia is often difficult to diagnose, since many symptoms are not recognized as such or are trivialized by the patient. Read More...
English Arthritis Quick Guide
There are over 200 diseases that come under the term 'arthritis'. Looking at symptoms such as joint pain, swelling and inflammation allows doctors to classify the condition into a number of groups. The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthrit Read More...
English Asthma
Asthma is a disorder defined by its clinical, physiological, and pathological characteristics. The main physiological feature of asthma is episodic airway obstruction characterized by expiratory airflow limitation. Read More...
English Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive disease defined histologically and characterized by stromal and epithelial cell hyperplasia beginning in the periurethral zone of the prostate. The chief complaint of the patient with BPH is usually bothersome LUTS typified by urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, decreased and intermittent force of stream and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Read More...
English Cholesterol
An elevated level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a form of dyslipidaemia that has been shown to be strongly associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading to cardiovascular events. Read More...
English Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) as a myeloproliferative disease characterised by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) or the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. Read More...
English Contraception
The introduction of combined oral contraceptives in the early 1960s made effective reversible female contraception available for the first time. The obvious benefits of oral contraceptives are today well known and includes the prevention of unwanted pregnancy, abortion, the possibility of family planning and sexual liberation. Read More...
English Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by a defect in a gene known as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This gene makes a protein that controls the movement of ions, such as chloride, and water, across cell membranes. Read More...
Italiano Polish English Diabetes Quick Guide
Diabetes is the common term for several metabolic disorders in which the body no longer produces insulin or uses the insulin it produces ineffectively. It is a common condition and is characterised by abnormally high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is know Read More...
Espanol Italiano Francais Deutsch English Eczema Quick Guide
Eczema, also called dermatitis, is inflammation of the skin that can appear just about anywhere on the body. Eczema often looks red, dry, and scaly and it can be itchy, sometimes extremely so. There are other symptoms, which depend on the type and severity. Read More...
English Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction Read More...
Espanol Italiano Francais Deutsch English Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Quick Guide
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, also sometimes known as GORD) or acid reflux disease, is a recurrent condition where gastric juices, containing acid from the stomach leaks back into the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). Read More...
English Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Before the current definition of GIST evolved, GISTs were classified as benign or malignant smooth muscle tumours including true smooth muscle tumours (leiomyomas, leiomyoblastomas, leiomyosarcomas) and neuronal tumours (schwannomas) Read More...
English Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis can be caused by many different things including viral infections, parasites, bacteria, chemicals, autoimmunity, drugs or alcohol. Of these, viral infection is the most common cause of chronic (long-term) hepatitis, which can lead to severe liver damage including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Read More...
English Human Papillomavirus (HPV) & Cervical Cancer
Worldwide, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer. Globally, cancer of the cervix is the second most prevalent cancer in women, causing nearly 500,000 new cases per year, and the third leading cause of female cancer deaths after breast and lung cancer (Ferlay et al 2004). Read More...
English Hypertension
Hypertension, an increasingly common and chronic disease, and its consequences like stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and renal damage mean an enormous financial burden for the community. Read More...
English Influenza
Flu is very different from another ailment such as a cold or just feeling under the weather. Flu is a much more serious illness. Read More...
English Insomnia
Insomnia is a very common and debilitating disease with major morbidity and social consequences. Despite the negative impact on the ability to function well during the day, insomnia is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Insomnia is therefore, important to treat. Read More...
English Low Testosterone Quick Guide
Testosterone is an essential male hormone produced in the testes that plays a crucial role in the health and well being of our bodies. Read More...
English Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of progressive and often fatal genetic diseases that are caused by an inborn error of metabolism. This genetic defect results in the deficiency of a specific enzyme, which causes accumulation of substrate resulting in irreversible organ damage. Read More...
English Meningitis Quick Guide
Meningitis and septicaemia can kill in hours. Meningitis is the inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. Septicaemia is the blood poisoning form of the disease. The two forms of the disease have different symptoms. People who recover Read More...
English Migraine
Migraine is a severe, episodic disorder with freedom from symptoms between attacks. Attacks are characterised by transient focal neurological symptoms, headache, or both. Read More...
English Multiple Sclerosis Quick Guide
Multiple Sclerosis, often abbreviated simply as MS, is the most common, non traumatic disease of the central nervous system, which is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Another medical name for the condition is Encephalomyelitis disseminate. In other word MS is a chronic inflammory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Read More...
English Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) Quick Guide
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a disease that affects some white blood cells that belong to the lymphatic system, known as,lymphocytes. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lymphocytes start to behave like cancerous cells and grow and multiply uncontrollably, and ma Read More...
English Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
The NSCLCs account for 80% of all lung cancers and can be further subdivided into squamous-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (which includes bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma [BAC]). Read More...
English Ophthalmics
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of legal blindness among people over the age of 50 in the Western world. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina. Read More...
English Opioids & Pain
Types of chronic pain include both cancer and non-cancer pain. Pain is the single most common reason for consultation with a general practitioner and is the most frequent symptom in hospital practice. Pain is also an individual experience and can be measured in a number of ways. Read More...
English Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bone' and is the most common bone disease worldwide. It is also sometimes called 'brittle bones' and is a disorder in which bone strength is compromised, making it more likely that bones will break. Read More...
English Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by the clinically asymmetric onset of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Read More...
English Renal Anaemia
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterised by a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function that worsens as it progresses from stages 1 to 5. One of the most common complications of CKD is anaemia. Read More...
English Snoring Quick Guide
Snoring is a serious issue. It is the third biggest cause of marriage breakdown after infidelity and financial problems. Snoring can seriously affect peoples' quality of sleep and has been known to lead to domestic violence. Read More...
English Thrombosis
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease after coronary disease and stroke. The clinical diagnosis of VTE is unreliable and VTE is often silent. Only about half the patients suspected of having deep vein thrombosis (DVT) actually have the disease. Unrecognised and untreated VTE may lead to harmful consequences. Read More...