Surgery can be performed to either improve the action of the LES or to widen a narrowed esophagus.
Laparoscope
This involves keyhole surgery (where the cut made is as small as possible to improve recovery) and is carried out to tighten the tissue around the lower esophagus to reduce or prevent acid reflux. This surgery will normally mean that you stay in hospital for 2-3 days.
Widening of the esophagus
There are a number of procedures that may be carried out to widen a narrowed esophagus.

Patients with swallowing difficulties will normally obtain complete relief after one of these procedures. During, or after the procedure you may experience a small amount of bleeding from the esophagus. Complications from the procedure, such as excessive bleeding due to damage to the esophagus, are rare.