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What is the difference between GERD, acid reflux, esophagitis and heartburn?
GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease and is a medical condition where acid from the stomach leaks up into the esophagus. The presence of stomach acid in the esophagus is known as acid reflux. Acid reflux can cause a burning feeling rising from the stomach or lower chest up towards the neck. This is known as heartburn. The esophageal wall may be damaged by prolonged exposure to stomach acid. This is known as esophagitis.
Is there a risk of cancer?
Severe, long-standing GERD can damage the esophagus and cause a condition known as Barrett's esophagus where the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced by a lining more like that of the stomach or intestine. It is thought that this replacement may be an attempt by the body to protect itself from further injury by acid. The risk of esophageal cancer appears to increase significantly in patients with Barrett's esophagus. The only way to diagnose Barrett's esophagus is by endoscopy. Some studies suggest that intensive treatment of Barrett's esophagus can reduce the amount of abnormal lining in the esophagus. It is not clear whether such treatment will prevent esophageal cancer, but this is under active investigation.
Figure 1: Barrett's esophagus
Can I go on holiday?
Many of the activities that we do on holiday can make GERD worse. These include overeating, drinking too much alcohol, eating late at night. If you suffer from GERD, you should try to follow the same precautions as you do at home. It may be worth talking to your doctor before you go, so that you have a supply of medicine just in case you need relief. You may find it helps to use pillows to raise the head of the bed while sleeping.